Politics – Wartime – education and deconstruction.com

A German Generation

[Please note: The word “Featured” on the left side above was NOT inserted by this blogger, but apparently was inserted by WordPress, and it cannot be removed. NO post in this blog is sponsored.]

The Book of the Week is “A German Generation, An Experimental History of the Twentieth Century” by Thomas A. Kohut, published in 2012. This hodgepodge of a volume alternated essays with personal stories of Germans coming of age during the Nazi Era.

After WWI, the German government brainwashed people into thinking the Versailles Treat was outrageously unfair to Germany. The government pushed extreme nationalism to make Germany (the “fatherland”) great again by trying to take back the territories (in Denmark, Czechoslovakia and Poland) it had occupied during the war. The Weimar Republic (1919 – early 1933) was chaotic, with lack of strong leadership to quell rioting and appease striking workers in Berlin amid sky-high inflation in 1923.

The Third Reich (early 1933 – May 1945)– father figures– encouraged kids, and former soldiers who were politically right-wing, rabidly anti-union and anti-socialist to join youth and social groups in which ability to withstand hardships would prove their masculinity.

All through the 1920’s, and 1930’s, both boys and girls in those groups, mostly middle class, went hiking and camping together, but shunned sex, alcohol and tobacco. The groups sang mostly military and hunting songs, played games and danced. Every couple of years, numerous groups got together, marching in uniforms, flying flags. They thought of themselves as self-starters, but nonpartisan. However, in 1932, all bets were off, as the Hitler Youth swallowed up all the other youth groups. Some people quit their group, as they recognized what a power-hungry megalomaniac Hitler really was, and didn’t like him.

There were various political factions, each with a different ideology: the two major factions wore brown (Nazis) or red (Communists). The National Socialist (Nazi) Party initially encouraged the cooperation of economic classes, and rewarded people pursuant to their accomplishments rather than pursuant to their good luck when they were “to the manor born.”

People volunteered to live communally, doing farm or household chores at work collectives in the countryside for a few months at a time. Teenage boys who had completed apprenticeships but couldn’t find work were sent there to keep them off the streets and out of trouble. Eventually, a stint in a collective became mandatory for everyone until 1933, when the collectives were disbanded. The Hitler Youth encouraged fierce competition in sports, music and work, and demanded blind obedience to rigid rules in a tattle-tale environment. There was extreme societal pressure to join the Hitler Youth, and when one got older, the Nazi Party.

In the first half of the twentieth century, there were paradoxes with regard to females’ roles in German society. They got the vote in 1919. In the mid-1930’s, they took on domestic responsibilities of the men who were drafted into the military. But the women were still expected to do housework and child-rearing. Through the 1930’s, the Nazi Party gave monetary incentives to encourage Aryan Germans to get married and have children, to help perpetuate the “master race.”

“The Gestapo strategy of focusing on target groups and leaving ordinary Germans alone continued during the war, although the pressure on ‘enemies of the people’ and on ‘community aliens,’ especially Jews, was increased.” Sounds familiar.

Read the book to learn many more details about: the experiences and mentalities of the Germans from the 1920’s onward; the yawning generation gap after the war; how the Germans were brainwashed by propaganda into cooperating among themselves while behaving fiercely competitively toward their perceived enemies (which included specific individuals in their own communities!), to coming together again, while rationalizing away their lack of courage in communication and action to stem the hatreds in their society.

The Long Gray Line

The Book of the Week is “The Long Gray Line, The American Journey of West Point’s Class of 1965” by Rick Atkinson, published in 1989. The author followed a handful of men who happened to attend West Point in the thick of the Vietnam Era. He detailed their adventures during and after their military training.

The nation’s situation in the early 1960’s, economically, politically, philosophically, and socially were described thusly:

At the end of Fiscal Year 1962, which ended at the end of June, the federal deficit totaled more than $7 billion.
Influential national and military leaders such as JFK, LBJ, Douglas MacArthur and William Westmoreland inspired an eagerness in the young American male to risk his life for his country in fighting America’s enemies. “A West Pointer’s place was at the front, even in a conflict [such as Vietnam] where there was no front…” West Point taught him to trust the nation’s leaders and be nonpartisan; he wasn’t even registered to vote.
“Communism was bad; America, freedom, and West Point were good. That was the extent of his political philosophy.”
In early November 1963, West Point (Army) beat Air Force in the football game at Chicago’s Soldier Field. Those athletes who didn’t attend the after-game party, went bar-hopping on Rush Street. Because they were wearing their military uniforms, they were surrounded by adoring young females who bought them beer and bourbon.

The next decade would be one of expensive stupidities and disillusionment. There is insufficient space here to even summarize it all. But read the book to learn much, much more about how radically the nation changed when its leadership fooled a sufficient number of people into behaving in ways that resulted in an unnecessarily excessive amount of death, destruction and protestations.

Totally Unofficial

The Book of the Week is “Totally Unofficial, the Autobiography of Raphael Lemkin” edited by Donna-Lee Frieze, published in 2013.

Born in 1900 in territory that was alternately Lithuania and eastern Poland, Lemkin was raised among four peasant-farming families who grew clover and rye, and herded sheep and goats. He enjoyed an idyllic early childhood of nature and horseback-riding.

After earning a law degree, he worked for the government in Poland, obtaining higher and higher fancy titles. Even so, he was strangely obedient when, in early September, 1939, the (German occupied) government ordered all able-bodied men to leave Warsaw immediately. He got on a train, which was bombed. He walked to the forest in the countryside.

Later on, Lemkin did use his connections, however, to emigrate to a less dangerous place. In Vilnius in Lithuania, in autumn 1939, he spoke with a Russian soldier whose mentality was: The Western (Britain and France) Allies would fight the German military until they destroyed one another. Then the Russians would come and take over. Americans would sell arms to the Allies so that the Allies would have more resources than the Germans.

The German mentality was: Only the land of any territory Germany occupied, not the people, could be Germanized. So in October 1939, it (along with Russia) proceeded to deport all the Poles from Poland. This plan was written in Hitler’s 1924 book, Mein Kampf. The reason it took so long for the civil Europeans and Americans with sufficient power to head off the danger, was that they didn’t believe anyone could be so barbaric.

Earlier international agreements set out rules of engagement with regard to war. In general, destroying enemies’ military and fighting-infrastructure was believed to be justified. Nevertheless, the documents failed to mention persecuting and killing of civilians of a specific group. Lemkin felt this instance which he called genocide, needed to be codified, because early in the war, he had witnessed it in his native land. In summer 1942, he was unable to convince FDR of the urgency of making genocide an international crime.

Finally, in November 1946, Lemkin spoke with all kinds of diplomats when the world was ready to sit down at the bargaining table and form the United Nations. Panama, Cuba, India and global women’s organizations initially agreed to sign his resolution, by then called the Genocide Convention.

Still, there were years of arguments over every word, resistance and the usual political shenanigans. For, postwar, some arrogant government officials (such as French intellectuals and the British attorney general) were angry that their country had been taken down a notch in world status, so they argued that a Genocide Convention wasn’t necessary. The Nuremberg judgment had already outlawed war crimes, during times of war.

Lemkin explained that even in peacetime, human nature would dictate that a handful of evil people would acquire significant power to hate on others; thus, the need for a reminder in writing that the international community should put the kibosh on such behavior.

Read the book to learn much more about the trials and tribulations Lemkin experienced in trying to get the world to understand and commit to his ideology.

Our Gang

The Book of the Week is “Our Gang (Starring Tricky Dick and His Friends)” by Philip Roth, published in 1971.

A satire of the Nixon administration, this was also a book-long rant. Major aspects of the then-political situation are so familiar now. There was an inflammatory passage of Nixon’s dim view of wounded veterans. Trump has taken a dim view of prisoners-of-war. The author wrote what Nixon was really thinking, about various crises he either exacerbated, or brought on himself.

Of all the presidents, Nixon and Reagan were the ones from whom Trump has copied the most. The author claimed Nixon said, “We’ve had foul language, we’ve had the cynicism, we’ve had the masochism and the breast-beating– maybe a big dose of innocence is just what this country needs to be great again.”

No American leader has been innocent, but Carter came close. Nixon’s war crimes were many times more evil than the repeated financial and more-likely-than-not sex crimes Trump has committed.

Deaths directly caused by Nixon’s war criminality cannot be reversed. Trump’s breakage of the American legal system can be reversed, over the next few decades.

But the repetition of Trump’s protestations of innocence have: 1) played a part in convincing some Americans that he’s the victim of witch hunts, and 2) desensitized others into acceptance of reality– quiet desperation over his overwhelming power and influence until his name fades from public memory.

Nevertheless, the author harps on Nixon’s thoughts regarding the anti-war protesters on his enemies list. Nixon called the protesters, “Boy Scouts” (perhaps for irony) but Trump spares no expletives in his labeling of anti-ICE protesters.

The author described Nixon’s method. The president received advice from a legal coach, a highbrow coach, and a military coach– on the three major crimes allegedly committed by the Boy Scouts: inciting to riot, tampering with the morals of minors, and corrupting the youth of the nation.

Then the gang came up with a short-list of people and groups to blame for the unrest: Hanoi, The Berrigans (religious brothers who influenced others to practice pacifism), The Black Panthers, Jane Fonda, and Curt Flood (a baseball player who sued MLB for racial discrimination). Trump has also smeared and retaliated against an endless number of scapegoats in his political career.

Nixon explained how he distracted Americans from his avoidance of addressing the nation’s serious problems. “It never fails– every time they start marching on Washington, I’m the one who has to leave town. Now does that make any sense to you? I’m the President…” Trump does the same thing, and furthers his profiteering, too.

Read the book to learn much more about Nixon’s take on previous administrations, and other dirty tricks in his play book.

Children of Radium

The Book of the Week is “Children of Radium, A Buried Inheritance” by Joe Dunthorne, published in 2025. The morbidly curious author wrote this book after engaging in “roots tourism” to learn about his (Jewish) great-grandfather’s and grandmother’s lives in Germany and Ankara in Turkey before, during and after WWII.

In the 1930’s, the author’s grandmother grew up in Oranienburg in Germany, the most radioactive town in the country. There was a chemical weapons factory there, at which her father (named Seigfried) worked as a creator and tester into the mid-1930’s. Just around that time, German schoolchildren were supplied with gas masks and taught how to protect themselves from wartime air-contaminants. The chemicals from the factory were disposed of through burying, burning or pouring into a river. One of the chemicals was phosgene, which smells like a freshly mowed lawn. In 1935, Siegfried’s family moved to Ankara, but he continued to test gas masks there.

In 1937, the Turkish government purchased chemical weapons from Germany to ethnically cleanse residents in Dersim in the mountains in eastern Turkey. Over the course of two years, the roughly thirteen thousand people who died presumably served as the Nazis’ preliminary test-case of the mass murder of the Jews a few years later. Toward the end of the war, in August 1944, it seemed Turkey had an attack of conscience (or else its strategic interests changed!)– because it broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, and detained a couple of hundred non-Jewish refugees, but granted continued liberty to war-refugees whose passports said they were Jewish.

From the 1990’s into the dawn of the twenty-first century, the author read his family’s documents archive, met with some neighbors of his ancestors, and went to see whether his family members’ homes still existed. Most didn’t. The Russians destroyed the aforesaid factory after the war. But decades later, an entrepreneur bought the site (which was still a toxic waste dump, consisting of 26,000 tons of poisons), and built a nightclub and swimming pool on it, complete with imported controlled substances.

In the 1990’s(!), there were still homes getting destroyed and people getting killed by unexploded bombs, and homes getting built on radioactive sand dating back to WWII.

Read the book to learn much more about the author’s adventures in learning about Seigfried’s state of mind as a Jew who was (possibly initially unwittingly) aiding in the German war effort, his activities, and those of his other family members.

The Making of A Leader

The Book of the Week is “The Making of A Leader, The Formative Years of George C. Marshall” by Josiah Bunting III, published in 2024. This short volume detailed the career of a war hero, up until the late 1930’s.

George C. Marshall, whose name is fading from the public’s memory, was best known for playing second fiddle to Eisenhower in WWII, but he still did a good job. He was born in December 1880 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. As a military officer, he played well with others, even his subordinates.

During WWI, Marshall got glory for deploying American troops and equipment across France, more efficiently than was thought humanly possible. He made a small dent in reducing the total number of deaths (close to 52,000) and wounded (close to 200,000) in that war.

In summer 1919, after having experienced or heard about the horrors of the war gone by, most Americans’ attitude was anti-authoritarian and pacifist. They highly doubted a new dictator would rise up anytime soon; moreover, military aggression was so expensive. Contradictorily, perhaps desperately clinging to his job, General Peyton March, secretary of war, believed the United States should have a large military of half a million already-trained men at-the-ready to deal with future threats. General John Pershing, a WWI hero, thought half of that might be necessary, as additional men could be trained quickly.

The government assigned Marshall to be an instructor at military schools on and off through the years. In the early 1920’s, he became gatekeeper and assistant to the aforementioned Pershing, military chief of staff. This new Washington, D.C. administrative job also stalled his career. Commanding soldiers in a war was the fastest way to win medals, and get a promotion to a better military title and rank.

One time, a group of men from the Tennessee GOP came to Marshall’s office when Pershing happened to be out of town, to urge Pershing to run for president. Marshall turned them away. For, he knew Pershing would be another Ulysses S. Grant as president– a naive leader whose administration was horribly corrupt.

Through the decades, Marshall was paid very little money, but when stationed overseas, his family was provided with household help in what was considered luxury accommodations in those locales.

Read the book to learn much more about: Marshall’s personality, his colleagues, and how his talents were arguably wasted when he was assigned to sit behind a desk and push paper instead of training men to fight; and the first forty years of his working life.

I Saved the World – BONUS POST

As is well known, no one wants to see Iran experience the same kind of extremely horrible nuclear disaster Japan suffered in March 2011 (See this blog’s post, “Ghosts of the Tsunami”), and no one wants to see a radioactive cloud blow across the Middle East, to create a significantly higher probability of cancer for everyone.

Regardless of how Iran is stopped from launching missiles at Israel, America’s president Trump of course, is taking all the credit for doing so. Here’s what he’s singing now:

I SAVED THE WORLD BUT IT’S NOT ABOUT YOU

sung to the tune of “I’ll Melt With You” with apologies to Modern English and to whomever else the rights may concern.

Ending wars, I get hardly any rest.

Making peace for you is never second best.

I saw Iran, threatening the Middle East.

As you know, my miracles never cease.