Martin Van Buren

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WARNING: VERY LONG POST

The Book of the Week is “Martin Van Buren, America’s First Politician” by James M. Bradley, published in 2024.

In this hodgepodge of a volume, the author recounted many of the historical events to which Van Buren was witness in his lifetime. Throughout, the reader can see the evolution of American politics, and how some bad situations have become reversed, and others have stayed the same or gotten worse.

Van Buren was born in December 1782 in Kinderhook, New York State, now a part of Columbia county, a couple of hours’ drive north of New York City. For most of his teenage years, he was apprenticed to an attorney. His preliminary training was spent in a version of “night court” in a tavern– the courthouse of his generation.

Republicans were the “bleeding heart liberals” of the 1800’s, while the Federalists were the free-market capitalists who believed the country should be governed by a centralized authority. Van Buren began his political career as a Republican. Nevertheless, he accumulated great wealth while practicing law. There were wealthy politicians who bought the votes of the lawmakers to make themselves richer. He became one of them through the decades. Back in the day, there were no campaign finance laws, so no one was required to disclose any information on campaign donations.

Van Buren was elected New York State senator, and began his first term in November 1812. The governor of New York State appointed him to be that state’s attorney general in early 1815. Politics were fickle, so his job security was poor. At the same time, he was allowed to finish his term as senator before starting the attorney general job. By December 1821, the Republicans were the only political party in the United States.

In the last half of the 1820’s, Congress frequently succeeded in opposing president John Quincy Adams’ initiatives. For months, senator Van Buren and his cronies fought against one initiative Adams managed to push through: funding for a diplomatic trip to Panama, to make nice with various countries in South America. Adams and his vice president Henry Clay (of the Whig party he founded in the mid-1830’s) had wasted resources on this project that ended up a bust anyway, because a few of the key diplomats passed away. Meanwhile, Van Buren had been building a bipartisan coalition to oppose his political enemies on hot-button issues such as race and slavery.

In the early 1800’s, ninety percent of federal revenue came from tariffs, as a federal income tax wouldn’t be levied until 1913. Various parties were hurt or helped by those tariffs. New York City’s business stakeholders, as did the southern states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Alabama, mostly agricultural, were hurt. Commercial entities located around the Erie Canal, and states in New England began to favor tariffs as they built new factories. At the dawn of the 1830’s, the federal government was able to purchase its own Treasury bills and pay off its debt entirely.

At the same time, President Andrew Jackson, claiming it was an anti-corruption measure, imposed a policy of mandatory turnover of federal office holders every four years. Only about ten percent of the workforce was affected, but drawbacks included: disruption of corporate culture and loss of institutional memory in the workplace, so that new hires had to re-invent the wheel, and the replacement-workers would likely be inexperienced. Jackson later named his party the Democrats.

In 1836, Van Buren ran for president as a Democrat. He was the only candidate on the ballot at the Convention in Baltimore. Separate states were allowed to push various Whig-party candidates, and they did, so they all became spoilers of one another.

Then then-philosophy had been to leave the economy alone, and not grant bailouts. President Jackson’s Democrats blamed the banks on hard times. But after the president himself enacted banking legislation, that wouldn’t fly. A financial crisis hit the fan in 1837. Van Buren’s presidency was the first in which ordinary Americans blamed the bad economy on the federal government.

President Van Buren proposed an Independent Treasury– a federal entity that would simply be a conduit for collecting federal revenue and paying bills. It should be unconnected to commercial and savings banks, which were proft-seeking and had to answer to shareholders. It should not be subjected to political meddling.

Nonetheless, the politicians were greedy hypocrites all, of both parties. Ordinary Americans of course, were brainwashed by propaganda, and didn’t know the half of it. The legislation for the Independent Treasury was finally passed in June 1840.

By the late 1830’s, America’s government consisted of a two-party system. The party that was out of power trashed the one in power. But, presidential candidates didn’t travel around campaigning. They promoted themselves by writing letters that got published in various newspapers (which were partisan). Whig candidate William Henry Harrison broke tradition by traveling around the country, smearing Democrat Van Buren.

Read the book to learn much, much, much more about Van Buren’s life and times.

Reagan – BONUS POST

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Trump is obviously ruminating on his legacy at this time. He’s trying to out-Reagan Reagan in terms of instilling fond memories in his base’s hearts and minds. Below is what Trump was secretly singing when his thinking was lucid.

Trump is praising the president he most imitated, and with whom he had the most in common. He:

  • passed big tax cuts;
  • sent US troops and law enforcement on international and national adventures because he believed in “might makes right” in the name of national security;
  • was extremely focused on maintaining America’s worldwide hegemony and dominance at the expense of catastrophic environmental damage;
  • has symptoms of senility which his handlers are hushing up– they’re implementing his messaging and policies on his behalf.

REAGAN

sung to the tune of “Woman” with apologies to the Estate of John Lennon and to whomever else the rights may concern.

Reagan, I was so impressed

with your ideology and cleverness.

After all, I’m forever in your debt.

And Reagan, I will do no less,

in my dealings and dominance.

You taught me, the scheme for success.

Ooh, al-so, I sue-sue-sue, sue, sue.

Ooh, al-so, I sue-sue-sue, sue, sue.

Reagan, I hope you understand, why I rile up my fellow men.

Please remember, their lives are in my hands.

And Reagan, you were close to my heart.

But as presidents, we were far apart.

After all, I’ll be a bigger star.

Ooh, al-so, I sue-sue-sue, sue, sue.

Ooh, al-so, I sue-sue-sue, sue, sue.

Reagan, you were consistently plain.

My style is to cause sorrow and pain.

And I will do it again and again and again.

I’ll outlast you-ou ou, yeah, yeah. Now and forever.

I’m above you ou-ou, yeah, yeah. Now and forever.

I’ll outlast you-ou ou, yeah, yeah. Now and forever.

***

But Reagan was pre-internet. In the Trump Era, just as electronic words can globally, instantaneously appear, they can be changed, or disappear. Electronic historical revisionism is easier, faster and more environmentally friendly than book-burning. It remains to be seen whose propaganda will prevail as conveyed by the latest technology, in the next century.

Between Two Fires

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The Book of the Week is “Between Two Fires, Truth, Ambition and Compromise in Putin’s Russia” by Joshua Yaffa, published in 2020.

In this volume, the author described various workers in entertainment, tourism, war, religion and humanitarian aid– under Vladimir Putin’s reign. In order to avoid getting arrested or worse, the subjects needed to play well with the government, which funded a large percentage of their activities. Each of their stories was chronologically disorganized, wordy and redundant, but the author clearly conveyed their plights and mentalities.

Putin came to power when Boris Yeltsin resigned at the beginning of the year 2000. Shortly thereafter, Putin’s government took over the media, forcing a mogul (whose TV channel could reach as much as 98% of Russian households which had a TV set) to sell his media empire to the State (the Russian government).

In the late 1990’s, the site of a closed Russian prison called Perm-36 was turned into a museum whose curators tried to inform the public about crushing oppression suffered by Cold-War Era Soviet dissidents there. After Putin had come to power, German university students who believed in the cause of democratic freedoms, volunteered to do maintenance work on the site.

However, they got offended when a former prisoner was forgiving and even behaved in a friendly manner toward a former guard, who had become a security officer at the museum. The German’s were “bound by strict, categorical norms, an ethical prism born [sic] of Germany’s admirable– if often inflexible– attitude toward totalitarianism and those who serve it. A political prisoner and his guard should not shake hands, and from that flows a whole way of seeing the world.”

The former prisoner explained: The guard had been young and therefore impressionable, easily brainwashed into rationalizing that he was simply following orders as a messenger, putting prisoners into solitary confinement. The guard didn’t directly kill anyone; he was subjected to the same drab environment and fed the same food as the prisoners.

On the immorality / morality spectrum, no one’s perfect. Nevertheless, it appears that, in human history, the kinds of people who are evil– on the extremely immoral end– have become dictatorial world leaders in disproportionate numbers.

The author spoke with a local “fixer” in the war in Chechnya in the 2010’s. She served as messenger, bailed dissidents (anti-government rebels) out of jail, and aided journalists covering the war. She had adopted a kind of pragmatism– cooperating with the administration of the Soviet-appointed leader of Chechnya– even though he and his ilk brought genocide, atrocities and crushing oppression to her people.

For approximately the first decade of Putin’s dictatorship, ordinary Russians’ living standards improved due to modernization, plentiful oil, and an increase in consumer goods in the stores. They also enjoyed religious liberalization (except for Western Christian and Catholic worshipers– those denominations competed too much for congregants with the Russian Orthodox Church). Freedom rang until it didn’t, as Putin’s hunger for, and amassing of power got him “reelected” as supreme leader in 2012. From then on, under Putin– Russia’s, Crimea’s and Ukraine’s leadership became Stalinist all over again.

At any rate, like the United States media, the Russian media has its trivial distractions. A scandal, which the State investigated for two years, erupted when a contemporary art museum’s curator allowed an Azeri exhibit to feature children’s dolls in gruesome positions.

After a while, employees in many workplaces, couldn’t guess what would spark an inquiry from the authorities. There were neither written nor spoken rules on acceptable behavior. Of course, spies were everywhere, ready to arbitrarily wield power.

Read the book to learn much more about various workers in the Putin years.

Burning Question – BONUS POST

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In the last forty years, New Yorkers’ political subconscious has yielded the following:

  • two Jewish mayors (Koch, Bloomberg) had 3 terms each;
  • two mayors (Giuliani, de Blasio) with Italian names had two terms each;
  • two black mayors (Dinkins, Adams) had one term each.

How many terms do you think a Muslim mayor will have?

On a related plane, here’s a little ditty on the state of affairs of the leader of the United States.

TRUMP’S FREE OF TRUTH

sung to the tune of “Up On the Roof” with apologies to the Estate of Gerry Goffin, Carole King, The Drifters and their estates, and to whomever else the rights may concern.

When those liberals keep shutting Trump down,

and pesky laws are just too much for him to face,

he’ll use AI in front of Fox’s cameras,

and all his words will fall, right into place.

Free of truth he’s peaceful as can be.

And there his world of flacks executes his fantasies.

So when his brain is feeling tired-and-gone,

he’ll go where his GOP friends kiss his feet.

He’ll get far away from the irksome crowds

who’re asking tough questions from front-row seats.

Free of truth, that’s the only way he knows.

Luckily, his power allows him to make it so.

Trump’s free of truth.

All the time Fox puts on a show for free.

And you can help them re-write history.

He’s telling you, he’s making America a great paradise, that’s trouble-proof.

But if there’s someone shutting you down, why, it’s you know who.

Trump’s free of truth.